نشریه مدیریت راهبردی در سیستم های صنعتی
پیاپی 21 (پاییز 1391)

Optimization has always been considered as a major problem by human being and it has made him to go for a way to get him the most benefit according to the available sources limitations. Also, it would help him through encountered decisions to benefit from the various sciences and technologies in this way. In this research, portfolio optimization problem, respecting its importance in securities market as the leading axis of country's financial system and its duty in allocating the optimal system and investors from one side and the demand for more return and less expected risk on the other side are investigated. Also, a model in fuzzy position was designed in the particular way which it brings on the least expected return for investors while minimizing the risk gets regarded. It also took the multi objective decision making methods. This paper, having done the modeling, aims at studying the portfolio of Melli bank Investment Corporation as a case study.

Balanced Scorecard (BSC), which is used as a strategic evaluation tool, is a method of determining business performance using lagging and leading indicators on the basis of vision and strategies. It has been revealed in the review of relevant literature that despite the satisfying levels achieved in conceptual and theoretical dimension of Balanced Scorecard, the method has some deficiencies in terms of implementation on a quantitative basis and that there remain some problems to be resolved. In the scope of the study, BSC approach was integrated with fuzzy ANP technique so as to determine the performance level of Isfahan Petrochemical Company on the basis of its vision and strategies. The reason for combining these methods is reciprocal relation between effective indexes in BSC that fuzzy ANP solves this problem. For designing model, first list of related indexes are extracted and then they are studied by experts of Isfahan Petrochemical Company and final model is designed. Proposed model has shown that performance indicators with different structures included in BSC approach can be consolidated with the help of fuzzy ANP technique

The classic form of data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is based on the concept of efficient production frontier, determines the best efficiency score that can be assigned to each member of a set of decision-making units (DMUs). Based on these scores, DMUs are classified into optimistic efficient and optimistic non-efficient units, and the optimistic efficient DMUs determine the efficiency frontier. Classic DEA can be used for identification of well-performing (efficient) units in the most favorable scenario. For identification of units with bad performance, such as bankrupt firms in the most unfavorable scenario (the worst case), there is a similar approach, called worst efficiency analysis, which uses the inefficient production frontier in order to determine the worst relative efficiency score that can be assigned to each DMU. DMUs lying on the inefficient production frontier are specified as pessimistic inefficient, while those that are neither on the efficient production frontier nor on the inefficient production frontier is designated as DEA-unspecified units.DEA requires that input and output data are known exactly. However, this is not the case in real-world applications. However, the observed values of the input and output data in real-world problems are sometimes fuzzy. Many researchers have proposed various fuzzy methods for dealing with the fuzzy data in DEA. This paper presents two new fuzzy DEA models based on fuzzy arithmetic that make it possible to work with fuzzy input and output data in DEA. The new fuzzy DEA models are formulated as linear programming models, and they can be used for determining the fuzzy efficiency of a group of DMUs. The worst-practice frontier fuzzy DEA models presented in this paper accurately identify the “worst-practice” DMUs that form a worst practice-frontier (the inefficiency frontier). This is particularly relevant for our application to credit risk evaluation, but this also has general relevance since the worst performers are where the largest improvement potential can be found. An example will be presented to illustrate the application of the new approach.

This study presents a deep analysis of the benefits that senior managers, relate them to the BPO and that how these benefits affect the willingness of managers to increase the levels of BPO. The method of research was quantitative experimental. The statistical society is consisting of senior managers and experts in the dairy food industry in 1390 that were 50 and due to the small statistical community, all of it were studied. So the sample is also 50. To collect the data, we use the integration of the two standard questionnaires of outsourcing benefits and business process outsourcing from the Germany country. The data analysis method was partial least squares (PLS). This research, presents the BPO benefits, which have been empirically and theoretically expressed, in a structural equation model (SEM). The quantitative analysis, show the interesting results. One of the remarkable results is that the cost programming has the higher value than the real cost savings, in one of the BPO benefits. And this means that the BPO market has been matured and the Pegahe Fars Company is now more sensitive to the marketing statements of the service providers of BPO, than the previous years.

Mehr construction project is a mass construction project started since 2007 in Iran. The issue of quality increasing is a big challenge since the starting the project both for construction companies and buyers. Although no distinctive quality assessment studies has launched for these projects, there are some different assessments programs which can be applied to study the issue of quality for these mass construction. QFD is one of the best methods for assessing the quality which can cover both buyers and engineer's needs. This paper has applied two QFD strategic and operational methods. The former deals with the mass construction aspect and covers quality development process in management level of production. To do so, two levels are brought into consideration. Using the AHP and QFD, the first level analyzes the obtained information which identifies 16 criteria of building quality and three involving factors in building process. The factors can be identified as design, operator and department of Housing and Urban development determining their role in increasing the quality, as well as their relationship to increase the quality level. The second stage is to detect the compatibility level of ideal quality with the constructed buildings. The results show that three abovementioned factors have the even and equal role in Mehr mass construction project. Also, the project quality index (QPI) estimation for Sanandaj Mehr Mass Construction Project is about 53%. This method can be recommended for almost all construction projects.

New product development (NPD) as modern approach applied for facing to environmental changes and is necessary to enter and remain (or survive) in competitive environment and achieve competitive advantages. Firms according to identify the critical success factors (CSF) of NPD and obtain the profitable results from these factor, can achieve competitive advantages. Researchers analysis CSFs of NPD in 35 years and concluded that managing of new product is more important factor. The important of NPD in complex and product system (CoPS) is highlighted. The firm can assess the process whit CSF’s and improve the process and achieve effectiveness of activities.Studying the relevant article and literature reviews, 40 factors influencing the success of NPD has identified in this paper. Applying fuzzy inference system (FIS) and studying some aerospace project as NPD projects that is relevant with CoPS, in the next step, input variety (the level of activity of factor in NPD projects and the level of project success from the viewpoint) and indicator (cost, time and quality of NPD’s product) are analyzed. The MATLAB software and SAJENO model of FIS were applied for analyzing of data. As result, the selected CSF’s whit brainstorming is categorized in 3 groups: development team abilities, organizational resources and organizational process and 20 factors as CSF of NPD identified and prioritized. Thus, focusing in these factors, managers can achieve the competitive advantages.

This article seeks to establish a logical connection between the basic concepts and create a framework for better understanding of ERP and its implementation. Also, the paper tries to be understandable and gives a better description of the Enterprise Resource Planning system with non-technical method in ERP software packets by showing of a page of operation in maintenance unit.Since most of managers know and deal with 4P business model and its components and they can communicate with it easily, the primary structure of the ERP system is derived from this model. ERP system is divided into four main components: 1. Software, 2. Customer points of view, 3. Change management, and 4. Internal processes of system.Methodology is another component which is involved in abovementioned four components for providing integration/unity and implementation in organized method. Maintenance planning is used for continuity of production with manpower to help keeping the equipment in normal conditions. As equipment is considered as the main sources of the organization, their maintenance would be important and this could be done easily by using this software system. Consequently, we can develop the better understanding of ERP complexity in system and processes which contribute to performance by creating conceptual model and features of different elements.

Developing a conceptual model to analyze effective costs in logistics process is one of the aims of the present article. By Reliance of literature review in the field of logistics and by using the results derived from the carried out case studies in small and medium-sized food and automotive enterprises, the effects of targeted subsidies plan on Logistics costs and solutions to costs reduction are studied. In this paper, combined qualitative and quantitative methods are used, qualitative methods such as interviews and quantitative methods such as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and statistical analysis.The result shows that at the macro level logistics costs are divided into seven categories: Transportation costs, Inventory carrying costs, Warehouse costs, Order Processing and Information Systems costs, Handling costs, Lot quantity costs and Customer service costs. Based on the type of industry, some costs are more important than other costs. Applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process on logistic costs shows that transportation and distribution costs beside capital costs are the largest in the logistics costs. Comparison of logistics costs before and after the implementation of the targeted subsidies plan shows that costs at Pegah Company has increased by 1.48% and at Zar-Fanar Company 2.42% in sales revenue. Increasing energy prices and high storage due to varying business conditions are the causes. Developing logistics cost management system beside controlling and optimizing the time and economical orders could act as appropriate solutions for the two companies to reduce their own logistics costs. The relationship between solutions and cost reduction are reviewed by using a nonparametric test (Binomial) and approved solutions are prioritized by using the Friedman test.

Complexity of new technologies, shorter and shorter product life cycles, different customer needs and expansion of seeking diversity for different products in global market have decreased market transparency and increased unreliability. So far many solutions have been proposed to handle these issues. Two of these solutions to customer needs are: supply chain agility and supply chain performance. Because of the huge impact of these two approaches, many studies have been carried out on the structural aspects but the relationship between them has not been studied in this research. First the basic theoretical essentials of agile supply chain and function of agility are studied and the given model is measured and validated using expert's analyses and software of SEM, and finally shown supply chain agility have positive effect on supply chain performance.

Due to the role of the process of maintenance in the production of competitive products by reducing the stop of machines and create a field for most employees, partnership in the guidance and steering this process is essential. It seems that this process, from the perspective of users, can identify the strength points to improve and to upgrade the planning in manufacturing systems, monitoring and measurement. Currently, industries use some time based indexes that is not sufficient for monitoring this process. With regard to the importance of this issue, identify and provide indicators which can monitor the process of maintenance are very important. This paper has attempted to provide indicators to assess the quality of maintenance services with emphasize on time and cost factors as control measures. Using historical studies and research and interviews with industry experts, indicators as the control criteria are introduced to assess the level of quality of service maintenance provision. In this research, the proposed indicators affect the quality of the maintenance process are divided into three sections including: customer demands, maintenance of process and output indicators. The result of its use in the maintenance process of Pars Khodro Co. showed that the performance of this method to assess the level of quality of maintenance process is effective and useful.